Blog Feed: Power Quality In Electrical Systems

EFFECTS OF HARMONICS ON CAPACITORS

Published on 2012-06-17 03:24:00

The Effects of Harmonics on Capacitors include additional heating - and in severe cases overloading, increased dielectric or voltage stress, and unwanted losses. Also, the combination of harmonics and capacitors in a system could lead to a more severe power quality condition called harmonic resonance, which has the potential for extensive damage. Consequently, these negative effects will shorten capacitor life. Capacitors are typically installed in the electrical power system – from... (Pl [..]

STATIC SYNCHRONOUS SERIES COMPENSATOR (SSSC)

Published on 2012-05-31 10:39:00

Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is a modern power quality FACTS device that employs a voltage source converter connected in series to a transmission line through a transformer. The SSSC operates like a controllable series capacitor and series inductor. The primary difference is that its injected voltage is not related to the line intensity and can be managed independently. This feature allows the SSSC to work satisfactorily with high loads as well as with lower loads. The... (P [..]

FERRORESONANCE PREVENTION TUTORIALS

Published on 2012-04-30 09:58:00

Ferroresonance Prevention Tutorials deal with strategies that electric utilities and end-users could implement to minimize occurrence of the power quality phenomenon. These practices are based from the fact that ferroresonance usually happens with lightly loaded three-phase transformer, having one or two phases open either intentionally or accidentally.

FERRORESONANCE AND TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS

Published on 2012-03-24 20:18:00

Ferroresonance and Transformer Connections are related as such that the latter is a significant factor to the occurrence of the former during loss of phase or open phase conditions. There are certain transformer configurations that are more susceptible to ferroresonance. Generally, ferroresonance phenomenon becomes highly probable if the primary windings of the three-phase transformer are ungrounded. Susceptible Transformer Connections Ferroresonance is more likely to happen with... (Ple [..]

POWER QUALITY BASICS: FERRORESONANCE

Published on 2012-02-29 08:47:00

Ferroresonance is usually described as an irregular and chaotic type of resonance. This phenomenon occurs because of the nonlinear characteristic of iron-core (saturable) inductors - ferromagnetic material such as a transformer. Ferroresonance is often times associated with unwanted and destructive overvoltages, but has found some helpful applications in Constant Voltage Transformers, which can mitigate power quality problems like voltage sags. Basically, ferroresonance involves... (Plea [..]

POWER QUALITY BASICS: VOLTAGE NOTCHING

Published on 2012-01-29 07:25:00

Voltage Notching is described by IEEE as a recurring power quality disturbance due to the normal operation of power electronic devices (i.e. rectifier), when current is commutated from one phase to another. Conventionally, the current waveform is used as the starting point for harmonic analysis, and voltage notching is simply derived from the IZ drops of the harmonic currents. In addition, voltage notching characterizes an unusual case that falls between harmonics and transients. This is.. [..]

EFFECTS OF HARMONICS TO ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

Published on 2012-01-01 00:52:00

The Effects of Harmonics to Electronic Equipment are experienced in various ways depending on the type of device - from slight to serious consequences. Ironically, it is a known fact that most electronic equipment is prone to misoperation due to harmonic distortion, even though it is a harmonic generator itself. In this post, these common effects will be briefly discussed. Power Electronic Equipment This equipment is reliant upon accurate determination of voltage zero crossings or... ( [..]

DELTA CONVERSION ONLINE UPS

Published on 2011-11-02 09:12:00

Delta Conversion Online UPS is a modern innovation that eliminates the disadvantages of the traditional double conversion online UPS. The enhancements are based on having a delta inverter and allowing bidirectional power flow. Today, this design is the only major uninterruptible power supply technology protected by patents and is unlikely to be offered from a broad range of UPS suppliers. Also, delta conversion online units are available in the market from 5 kVA to 1 MVA. Similarities and.. [..]

MOTOR-GENERATOR (M-G) SET FOR IMPROVED RIDE-THROUGH

Published on 2011-10-30 10:41:00

Motor-Generator (M-G) set is basically a combination of a motor and generator, although it is physically different from an ordinary electric motor that is attached to a separate generator. It has many practical functions that generally involve converting voltage, frequency and phase of power. However, this post will focus on its power quality applications, as it is a mature technology used for isolating sensitive and critical loads from voltage sags and interruptions. Also, it is available in... [..]

EMTP-RV: REFERENCE FOR POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS

Published on 2011-10-27 01:26:00

EMTP-RV is a powerful and dedicated software for the simulation and analysis of transients in power systems. It provides an extensive variety of system modeling capabilities covering electromagnetic and electromechanical oscillations ranging in duration from microseconds to seconds. EMTP-RV is the most comprehensive analysis and simulation program for power system transients. EMTP-RV has gained a reputation of being a super-fast computational engine that gives improved solution methods for. [..]

ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS AGAINST NOISE AND TRANSIENTS

Published on 2011-10-18 10:01:00

Isolation Transformer is a special type of transformer, wherein the primary and secondary windings are physically separated through a so-called double insulation. Also, an isolation transformer with electrostatic shields is commonly employed as power supplies for sensitive devices like computers, laboratory measurement instruments and medical equipment. The leakage inductance of isolation transformers is the primary feature that electrically isolates people and equipment from the hazards... [..]

JOSEPH HENRY – ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MASTER OF THE MONTH

Published on 2011-10-13 10:01:00

Joseph Henry (1797-1878) was born near Albany, New York. His ambition was to become an actor until by chance at the age of 16 he happened to read a book of science, which caused him to devote his life to the acquisition of knowledge. That event turns out to be the beginning of Henry’s rise as the leading American scientist after Benjamin Franklin and until Willard Gibbs. Education and Research Joseph Henry enrolled in the Albany Academy and upon graduation became a teacher there.... [..]

ESD OR ANTISTATIC WRIST STRAP

Published on 2011-10-02 11:00:00

ESD or Antistatic Wrist Strap is a protective device worn by personnel while working on sensitive electronic components in order to safely direct static electricity from their body to ground, and avoid equipment damage. This is because the antistatic wrist strap can avert the accumulation of static electricity, which can eventually lead to an electrostatic discharge. Individually owned ESD wrist straps are typically to be connected to ground through... (Please Click Link for Full Content [..]

FERRANTI EFFECT

Published on 2011-09-30 10:41:00

Ferranti Effect is the rise in receiving-end voltage (VR) as compared to the sending-end voltage (VS) of a transmission line. It was first noticed by Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti on a project involving underground cables in a 10 kV distribution system in 1887, and was eventually named after him. The ferranti effect normally occurs on an energized long line (more than 80 km) with very light or worst, no load. However, it can also happen with shorter lines composed of underground... (Please C [..]

STATCOM (STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR)

Published on 2011-09-26 23:34:00

STATCOM or Static Synchronous Compensator is a shunt device, which uses force-commutated power electronics (i.e. GTO, IGBT) to control power flow and improve transient stability on electrical power networks. It is also a member of the so-called Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. The STATCOM basically performs the same function as the static var compensators but with some advantages. The term Static Synchronous Compensator is derived from its capabilities and operating... (Ple [..]

UNDERSTANDING SERIES CAPACITORS

Published on 2011-07-01 00:06:00

Series Capacitors are generally applied to compensate the excessive inductance of long transmission lines, in order to reduce the line voltage drop, improve its voltage regulation, minimize losses by optimizing load distribution between parallel tran

SHUNT CAPACITORS

Published on 2011-06-29 01:22:00

Shunt Capacitors have several uses in the electric power systems. They are utilized as sources of reactive power by connecting them in line-to-neutral. Electric utilities have also connected capacitors in series with long lines in order to reduce its

POWER QUALITY BASICS: VOLTAGE UNBALANCE

Published on 2011-06-20 08:54:00

Voltage Unbalance (or Imbalance) is defined by IEEE as the ratio of the negative or zero sequence component to the positive sequence component. In simple terms, it is a voltage variation in a power system in which the voltage magnitudes or the phase

DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER (DVR)

Published on 2011-06-13 08:23:00

DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) is a static var device that has seen applications in a variety of transmission and distribution systems. It is a series compensation device, which protects sensitive electric load from power quality problems such a

PSCAD – THE ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENTS SOFTWARE

Published on 2011-06-03 03:59:00

PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design) is a time domain simulation software for analyzing transients in electrical networks. It is a collection of programs, providing a graphical Unix-based user interface to electromagnetic transients program (E

UPS SIZING: RECTIFIER AND INVERTER

Published on 2011-05-30 04:20:00

The sizing of the Rectifier and Inverter follows once the overall UPS size has been determined. Most of the time, the suppliers will only ask the UPS VA rating and they will do the rest. However, as an engineer, knowing how to determine the correspon

UPS SIZING: BATTERY CAPACITY

Published on 2011-05-30 02:54:00

Battery Sizing guarantees that loads being supplied are adequately served for its designed autonomy time. Improper capacity sizing could jeopardize batteries used in applications such as Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), solar power systems, e

UPS SIZING: LOAD PROFILE

Published on 2011-05-30 02:22:00

The Load Profile is basically a graph showing how the load demand changes with respect to time. It is the subsequent step after choosing the critical and essential loads for uninterrupted power protection. Through the load profile, the design load an

UPS SIZING: GUIDE FOR UNINTERRUPTED POWER

Published on 2011-05-30 01:52:00

UPS Sizing is an important process in order to closely match the UPS capacity to its load. This is done to come up with a sufficient overall uninterruptible power supply, so that it will operate efficiently at the lowest possible cost. An oversi

SURGE ARRESTER SELECTION GUIDE

Published on 2011-05-26 09:29:00

In this Surge Arrester Selection Guide, an overview of the processes and criteria are given. This post is not intended to be an all encompassing reference but only as a review of the basic steps necessary to choose the appropriate surge arrester for

POWER QUALITY IN POWER SYSTEMS AND ELECTRICAL MACHINES FREE eBook DOWNLOAD

Published on 2011-05-24 23:51:00

Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines is a timely reference. This is especially true, now that there has been a considerable increase in nonlinear and sensitive loads such as computers, TV monitors and arc furnaces. Th

ETAP TUTORIALS: COMPOSITE NETWORKS

Published on 2011-05-23 00:21:00

This ETAP Tutorial presents the Composite Networks feature, which is one of ETAP’s most useful modelling tools. When building a one-line diagram of very large and complicated systems, the model becomes prone to criss-crossing lines and may look dis

CODE TUTORIALS: NEC 285 - SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES (SPDs)

Published on 2011-05-22 01:57:00

In this Code Tutorial about Surge-Protective Devices, I have detailed the NEC 285 and placed some comments to explain the rationale of the code. This article was only about TVSS since the 2002 edition. In NEC's latest revision, it was revised to incl

SURGE ARRESTERS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TRANSIENTS

Published on 2011-05-21 01:27:00

Surge arrester is described by NEC as a protective device for limiting surge voltages by discharging or bypassing surge current on an electrical system to earth or ground. It also prevents continued flow of follow current while remaining capable of r

TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SURGE SUPPRESSORS (TVSS)

Published on 2011-05-19 12:08:00

TVSS (Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor) is a power quality device designed to protect electrical and electronic equipment from transients or surges. In other words, the purpose of a TVSS is to minimize or eliminate damages sensitive and c

POWER QUALITY IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FREE eBook DOWNLOAD

Published on 2011-05-19 01:09:00

Power Quality in Electrical Systems contains engineering techniques for providing power quality to customers, and includes essential information on data processing, healthcare facilities and manufacturing. This book is a practical engineering tu

ETAP TUTORIALS: MOTOR STARTING ANALYSIS

Published on 2011-05-18 01:51:00

This ETAP Tutorial introduces the Motor Starting Analysis or Motor Acceleration module. It will show the dynamic and static models that can be used to simulate real motor characteristics. The minimum amount of data essential to run each type of study

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS QUALITY (2nd Ed.) FREE eBook DOWNLOAD

Published on 2011-05-17 01:59:00

Electrical Power Systems Quality is one of the most complete books covering the causes of power quality problems, explaining how to prevent them and giving advice on making measurements. This 2nd edition is enhanced to reflect the increasing sensitiv

ETAP TUTORIALS LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS

Published on 2011-05-14 19:55:00

This ETAP Tutorial aims to introduce the Load Flow Analysis module. It also provides step by step instructions on how to run a load flow study, which is considered as the bread and butter of a power system engineer. An example of how to regulate bus

OSCILLATORY TRANSIENTS IN THE POWER SYSTEM

Published on 2011-05-14 01:58:00

Oscillatory Transient is described as a sudden, non–power frequency change in the steady-state condition of voltage, current, or both that has both positive and negative polarity values (bidirectional). In other words, the instantaneous voltage or

ETAP TUTORIALS: CREATING A ONE-LINE DIAGRAM

Published on 2011-05-11 22:32:00

The objective of this ETAP Tutorials is to illustrate the basics of creating and building a single-line diagram in ETAP Software. It will be discussed here on how to add power system elements to the one-line view (OLV). ETAP provides a user-frie

IMPULSIVE TRANSIENTS IN THE POWER SYSTEM

Published on 2011-05-10 23:06:00

Impulsive Transient is one of the two types of transient disturbance that may enter the power system. It is defined by IEEE 1159 as a sudden, non–power frequency change in the steady-state condition of voltage, current, or both that is unidirection

POWER QUALITY BASICS: TRANSIENTS

Published on 2011-05-08 01:53:00

Transients are power quality disturbances that involve destructive high magnitudes of current and voltage or even both. It may reach thousands of volts and amps even in low voltage systems. However, such phenomena only exist in a very short

LINE INTERACTIVE UPS

Published on 2011-05-05 01:08:00

Line Interactive UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is another type of static UPS, which conditions and regulates the utility supply using only one main power converter. In other words, the inverter, battery charger (rectifier) and the transfer switc

ONLINE UPS – THE TRUE UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY

Published on 2011-05-03 01:46:00

Online UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is a static UPS, which is designed such that under normal operating conditions, the primary power flow is through the UPS circuit instead of the utility supply. Thus, the main power source is the online UPS a

STANDBY OR OFF-LINE UPS SYSTEMS

Published on 2011-05-02 01:55:00

Standby or Off-line UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is one of the three main types of static UPS. The standby or off-line UPS is the simplest and least expensive uninterruptible power supply system. Actually, some don’t even consider i

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) – THE PQ DEVICE FOR POWER INTERRUPTIONS

Published on 2011-05-01 01:02:00

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is a power quality device, which provides continuous and conditioned power to a critical load. Also, the uninterruptible power supply averts power quality problems coming from the distribution system such as interru

ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR (EVR) FOR LOW VOLTAGE POWER QUALITY APPLICATIONS

Published on 2011-04-27 09:27:00

Electronic Voltage Regulator (EVR) is a type of automatic voltage regulator that is typically used in low voltage power quality applications. It is a single-phase power quality device that functions to protect equipment from overvoltage and undervolt

BASIC STEPS IN SOLVING POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS

Published on 2011-04-25 23:58:00

Steps in solving power quality problems usually include interaction between the utility supply system and the customer facility. This is because power quality problems have different causes that can be traced from both the utility and the end-us

AMBIGUOUS POWER QUALITY TERMS

Published on 2011-04-25 00:23:00

Ambiguous Power Quality Terms have proliferated in the power quality community today. Generally, these ambiguous or confusing power quality terms are created by marketers, using many colorful phrases to attract and entice potential customers to buy t

POWER QUALITY BASICS: INTERRUPTIONS

Published on 2011-04-23 23:34:00

Interruptions are classified by IEEE 1159 into either a short-duration or a long-duration variation. However, the term “interruption” is often used to refer to short-duration interruption, while the latter is preceded by the word “sustained”

STEP-VOLTAGE REGULATORS IN THE UTILITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Published on 2011-04-22 01:19:00

Step-Voltage Regulators applied in the utility’s distribution systems are generally medium-voltage mechanical automatic voltage regulators (AVR). It should be noted that there are two distinct types of AC automatic voltage regulators: Medium-v

POWER QUALITY BASICS: VOLTAGE SWELL

Published on 2011-04-20 01:55:00

Voltage Swell is defined by IEEE 1159 as the increase in the RMS voltage level to 110% - 180% of nominal, at the power frequency for durations of ½ cycle to one (1) minute. Voltage swell is classified as a short duration voltage variation phenomena,

ANSI C84.1: ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT – VOLTAGE RATINGS (60 Hz)

Published on 2011-04-18 23:58:00

ANSI C84.1 establishes the nominal voltage ratings and operating tolerances for 60-Hz electric power systems above 100 volts (steady-state voltage levels only). Its latest revision, ANSI C84.1-2006 includes preferred voltage ratings up to and includi

VOLTAGE SAG TYPES - ABC CLASSIFICATION

Published on 2011-04-18 00:26:00

Voltage Sag Types are generally based on the individual voltages (both magnitude and angle) for each of the three phases during sags or dips. Usually, three-phase voltage sags are categorized by either the ABC classification or the symmetrical compon

CONSTANT VOLTAGE OR FERRORESONANT TRANSFORMER SIZING FOR SUPERIOR VOLTAGE REGULATION

Published on 2011-04-13 01:54:00

Constant Voltage Transformer (CVT) Sizing is anchored upon two load characteristics, both of which are related to current and must be correctly determined: the steady-state and inrush currents. If a constant voltage transformer (CVT) is sized without

CONSTANT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS (CVT) OR FERRORESONANT TRANSFORMERS (FERRO)

Published on 2011-04-09 01:59:00

Constant Voltage Transformer (CVT) or Ferroresonant Transformer (Ferro) is a non-linear transformer, which passively provides a regulated voltage output through an electromagnetic phenomenon called ferroresonance (where the term ferroresonant transfo

SEMI F47: CHANGES FROM SEMI F47-0200 TO SEMI F47-0706

Published on 2011-04-07 05:24:00

SEMI F47 is the standard for Semiconductor Equipment Voltage Sag Immunity. SEMI F47 was updated in 2006 to its latest version, SEMI F47-0706, which replaces the following previously published documents: 1. SEMI F47-0

SEMI F47: SPECIFICATION FOR SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING EQUIPMENT VOLTAGE SAG IMMUNITY

Published on 2011-04-06 01:55:00

SEMI F47 was developed by the Semiconductor Equipment Materials International. SEMI F47 specifies the required voltage sag tolerance for semiconductor processing, metrology, and automated test equipment. SEMI F47 aims to strike a balance between volt

SEMI F47: SPECIFICATION FOR SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING EQUIPMENT VOLTAGE SAG IMMUNITY

Published on 2011-04-06 01:55:00

SEMI F47 was developed by the Semiconductor Equipment Materials International. SEMI F47 specifies the required voltage sag tolerance for semiconductor processing, metrology, and automated test equipment. SEMI F47 aims to strike a balance between volt

ITIC CURVE - POWER ACCEPTABILITY CURVE FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT

Published on 2011-04-05 01:15:00

ITIC Curve is a modified version of the CBEMA power acceptability curve, but the concept remains the same. ITIC Curve was developed by a working group of the CBEMA, which later changed its name to the Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) in

ITIC CURVE - POWER ACCEPTABILITY CURVE FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT

Published on 2011-04-05 01:15:00

ITIC Curve is a modified version of the CBEMA power acceptability curve, but the concept remains the same. ITIC Curve was developed by a working group of the CBEMA, which later changed its name to the Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) in

CBEMA CURVE – THE POWER ACCEPTABILITY CURVE FOR COMPUTER BUSINESS EQUIPMENT

Published on 2011-04-03 23:51:00

CBEMA Curve is one of the most frequently employed power acceptability curve. CBEMA curve was developed by the Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Association in the 1970s, as a guideline for the organization's members in designing their power

CBEMA CURVE – THE POWER ACCEPTABILITY CURVE FOR COMPUTER BUSINESS EQUIPMENT

Published on 2011-04-03 23:51:00

CBEMA Curve is one of the most frequently employed power acceptability curve. CBEMA curve was developed by the Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Association in the 1970s, as a guideline for the organization's members in designing their power

ANSI C84.1: ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT - VOLTAGE RATINGS (60 HERTZ)

Published on 2011-04-03 01:59:00

ANSI C84.1 is the American National Standard for Electric Power Systems and Equipment – Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz). In 1954, the first version of ANSI C84.1 was basically a combination of the Edison Electric Institute Standard that represents

ANSI C84.1: ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT - VOLTAGE RATINGS (60 HERTZ)

Published on 2011-04-03 01:59:00

ANSI C84.1 is the American National Standard for Electric Power Systems and Equipment – Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz). In 1954, the first version of ANSI C84.1 was basically a combination of the Edison Electric Institute Standard that represents

IEC STANDARD ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

Published on 2011-03-28 22:50:00

IEC 61000: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is the counterpart of the IEEE Power Quality Standards. Please take note that the IEC does not yet use the term power quality in any of its standard documents. Instead the IEC uses the ter

IEC STANDARD ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

Published on 2011-03-28 22:50:00

IEC 61000: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is the counterpart of the IEEE Power Quality Standards. Please take note that the IEC does not yet use the term power quality in any of its standard documents. Instead the IEC uses the ter

POWER QUALITY BASICS: VOLTAGE SAGS OR DIPS

Published on 2011-03-25 01:03:00

Voltage Sag or Voltage Dip (IEC term) is defined by the IEEE as the decrease in the RMS voltage level to 10% - 90% (1% - 90% for EN 50160) of nominal, at the power frequency for durations of ½ cycle to one (1) minute. Voltage sag is classified as a

POWER QUALITY BASICS: VOLTAGE SAGS OR DIPS

Published on 2011-03-25 01:03:00

Voltage Sag or Voltage Dip (IEC term) is defined by the IEEE as the decrease in the RMS voltage level to 10% - 90% (1% - 90% for IEC) of nominal, at the power frequency for durations of ½ cycle to one (1) minute. Voltage sag is classified as a short

AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATORS (AVR) FOR PROTECTION FROM UNDESIRABLE VOLTAGE VARIATIONS

Published on 2011-03-23 02:41:00

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is a device that is basically intended to improve the voltage regulation of an electrical system – adjust, control or maintain a constant voltage level through the use of either an electromechanical mechanism

AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATORS (AVR) FOR PROTECTION FROM UNDESIRABLE VOLTAGE VARIATIONS

Published on 2011-03-23 02:41:00

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is a device that is basically intended to improve the voltage regulation of an electrical system – adjust, control or maintain a constant voltage level through the use of either an electromechanical mechanism

POWER QUALITY BASICS: UNDERVOLTAGE

Published on 2011-03-22 01:15:00

Undervoltage is classified as a Long-duration Voltage Variation phenomena, which is one of the general categories of power quality problems mentioned in the second post of the Power Quality Basics series of this site. Long-duration voltage variation

POWER QUALITY BASICS: UNDERVOLTAGE

Published on 2011-03-22 01:15:00

Undervoltage is classified as a Long-duration Voltage Variation phenomena, which is one of the general categories of power quality problems mentioned in the second post of the Power Quality Basics series of this site. Long-duration voltage variation

POWER CONDITIONERS FOR POWER QUALITY DISTURBANCE PROTECTION

Published on 2011-03-20 05:56:00

Power Conditioners (also called Line Conditioners or Power Line Conditioners) are devices that can mitigate power quality problems like voltage variations, voltage unbalance, line noise, harmonics, resonance and other power quality disturbances that

POWER CONDITIONERS FOR POWER QUALITY DISTURBANCE PROTECTION

Published on 2011-03-20 05:56:00

Power Conditioners (also called Line Conditioners or Power Line Conditioners) are devices that can mitigate power quality problems like voltage variations, voltage unbalance, line noise, harmonics, resonance and other power quality disturbances that

UNDERVOLTAGE CASE STUDY – LONG DISTRIBUTION FEEDER (PART 2 OF 2)

Published on 2011-03-18 08:22:00

(From Part 1...) Alternatives The following are the general solutions to mitigate undervoltage problems as discussed in this site (Please refer to POWER QUALITY BASICS): 1. Reduce the system impedance - increase the size of the transformer, re

UNDERVOLTAGE CASE STUDY – LONG DISTRIBUTION FEEDER (PART 2 OF 2)

Published on 2011-03-18 08:22:00

(From Part 1...)AlternativesThe following are the general solutions to mitigate undervoltage problems as discussed in this site (Please refer to POWER QUALITY BASICS):1. Reduce the system impedance - increase the size of the transformer, reduce

UNDERVOLTAGE CASE STUDY – LONG DISTRIBUTION FEEDER (PART 1 OF 2)

Published on 2011-03-18 04:27:00

Background of the StudyAn industrial customer of a local electric distribution utility that is situated at a distance of approximately 14.5 km from the substation with a nominal distribution voltage of 23 kV has complained on an intermittent undervol

POWER QUALITY BASICS: OVERVOLTAGE

Published on 2011-03-17 09:03:00

Overvoltage is classified as a Long-duration Voltage Variation phenomena, which is one of the general categories of power quality problems mentioned in the second post of the power quality basics series of this site. Long-duration voltage variat